Search results for " organized crime"
showing 10 items of 19 documents
Migrant Smuggling Across the Mediterranean: An Economic Analysis
2018
In this chapter we provide an analysis of migrant smuggling across the Central Mediterranean Route. The analysis will be carried out through the lenses of economic analysis and of organized crime studies. Our work is based on in-depth interviews conducted with smuggled migrants, and immigration and anti-smuggling operators, with particular focus on land smuggling in West Africa, i.e. from Agadez in Niger into Libya. We will extrapolate the stylized facts of smuggling from the demand side for such ‘service’, i.e. from the migrants, and propose an economic interpretation. In particular our main findings are: i) the distinction between smuggling and trafficking is not clear-cut, as African mig…
Determinants and consequences of the Anti-mafia entrepreneurial behavior: an empirical study on southern italian small-medium entreprises
2013
In this study we question what determinants lead firms to adopt anti-mafia behaviors and whether firms adopting anti-mafia behaviors “pay the piper” for their conduct through reduced financial performance. A sub-sample of 111 Southern Italian Small and Medium Enterprises whose entrepreneurs have publicly opposed the mafia extortion was initially selected. By adopting a matched-pair design, anti-mafia firms were subsequently matched against a sub-sample of neutral firms. Determinants of anti-mafia behavior were investigated by using a regression logistic model in order to regress the anti-mafia choice on a set of financial, demographic, governance, and control variables. Performance and fina…
Le vittime del racket. Imprenditori e commercianti alle prese con Cosa Nostra, ‘Ndrangheta e Camorra
2014
Il lavoro propone una ricerca su un mondo psichico fin qui ancora inesplorato: i pen-sieri, le emozioni, l’esperienza delle vittime del racket delle tre grandi organizzazioni criminali del meridione d’Italia: la Mafia, la Camorra e la ‘Ndrangheta. L’obiettivo è comprendere le multi-sfaccettate questioni psico-antropologiche e sociali sulle quali le organizzazioni criminali si sono radicate, ed in particolare quali dinamiche psico-relazionali e quali codici transculturali entrino in gioco nel complesso e controverso rapporto tra vittima e sistema criminale, tra vittima e sistemi di supporto. Con imprenditori e commer-cianti vittime della criminalità organizzata, sono stati analizzati i vissu…
Managing the Activities Against Trafficking in Human Beings
2012
Organized crime has a long history and has permanently adapted to the weaknesses of the legal system, procedures and operational capabilities of the national Law Enforcement Agencies. Economic discomfort appears to be the main reason for illegal migration movement throughout the world. Due to unemployment, many human beings become victims of trafficking- prostitution and slavery. Nevertheless, many of the willing migrants undertake the hazardous travel to their destination country with criminal syndicates services specialized in people smuggling. Psychological impact for the victims of human trafficking for prostitution is huge. For trafficked human beings there is a big trauma and finding …
Resisting the extortion racket: an empirical analysis
2018
While the contributions on the organized crime and Mafia environments are many, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the firm’s decision to resist to extortion. Our case study is based on Addiopizzo, an NGO that, from 2004, invites firms to refuse requests from the local Mafia and to join a public list of “non-payers”. The research is based on a dataset obtained linking the current administrative archives maintained by the chambers of commerce and the list updated by the NGO. The objective of this paper is twofold: first, to gather sound data on the characteristics of the Addiopizzo joiners; second to model the probability to join Addiopizzo by a two-level logistic regression model. We …
Early Representations of Organized Crime and Issues of Identity in the Italian American Press (1890 to 1910)
2016
Beginning from the early days of mass immigration (1890s), Italian immigrants were increasingly depicted in association with crime, especially organized crime, in the mainstream press. Fuelled by nativist views of immigrants as a threat to American safety, character, and morality, these first images of the newcomers became increasingly popular as the new century progressed, crystallizing in the minds of Americans and becoming the predominant representations of Italian immigrants. The response of the newly formed Italian communities can be found in the Italian-American press, which took upon itself the task of providing alternative images with which the burgeoning Italian community could ide…
The effects of the anti-mafia entrepreneurial behavior on firm performance: an empirical study on southern Italian small-medium enterprises
2015
The organized crime is a relevant ethical, cultural, legal, sociologic and economic issue in many countries. In the last years there have been some positive signs of a reaction against the mafia like the successful experience of Addiopizzo, an anti-bribery association founded in Palermo in 2004 that today counts over 500 affiliated firms. Gambetta (1993) suggests the mafia could better be understood as a profit maximizing corporation in the marketplace for private protection. Despite this position has been criticized (Scalia, 2010), it highlights the crucial role of the pizzo for the mafia activities. In this study, we identify as “Anti-mafia Entrepreneurial Behaviour” (AEB) the choice of t…
Shooting down the price: Evidence from Mafia homicides and housing prices
2022
In this paper, we estimate the effect of the homicides by the Camorra, the Neapolitan Mafia, on housing prices in Naples. The study develops on a unique panel data set at the administrative district level for the period 2002–2018 of geo-localized homicides involving innocent victims (denoted as IVH), which are treated as exogenous shocks that negatively affect housing demand. We find that the occurrence of such homicides causes a decrease in housing prices in the range of 2.5–3.8 percentage points. This effect decreases with the distance from an IVH and over time. These results are robust to the utilization of different econometric specifications and to the considerations of possible confou…
I traffici illeciti nell’area del Mediterraneo. Prevenzione e repressione nel diritto interno, europeo ed internazionale
2018
Il testo presenta il tema dei traffici illeciti nel Mediterraneo, oggetto del VIII Corso “Giuliano Vassalli” per dottorandi, svoltosi a Noto nel 2017, anche in relazione ai contributi dei partecipanti ai lavori, una selezione dei quali è stata pubblicata sulla stessa rivista The text presents the topics of the illicit traffics in the Mediterranean area, which was the subject of the 8th Training Course "Giuliano Vassalli" for PhD Candidates, held in Noto in 2017. The remarks are complemented by references to the contributions of the participants selected for the pubblication in the same review.
Los tráficos ilícitos en el Mediterráneo y las organizaciones poli-criminales transnacionales
2021
After a general overview on the movements in the Mediterranean between yesterday and today, the contribution underlines the emergence of poly-criminal organizations in this area. On the basis of the consideration of the different types of criminals organisations operating in the Mediterranean, reference is made to the results of a related research on five penal systems (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Greek).. El estudio abordado hace referencia a la presencia en el Mediterráneo de los tráficos ilícitos, y sobre el papel protagonista que en estos componentes ocultos de la movilidad y de la globalización juegan las organizaciones criminales transnacionales. Estos dos aspectos se enfrentan a…